Dolby Digital includes several similar technologies, which include Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital EX, Dolby Digital Live, Dolby Digital Surround EX, Dolby Digital Plus, and Dolby TrueHD.
[edit] Dolby Digital
Dolby Digital logo that is sometimes shown at the beginning of broadcasts, feature films, and gamesDolby Digital, or AC-3, is the common version containing up to six discrete channels of sound. The most elaborate mode in common usage involves five channels for normal-range speakers (20 Hz – 20,000 Hz) (right front, center, left front, right rear and left rear) and one channel (20 Hz – 120 Hz allotted audio) for the subwoofer driven low-frequency effects. Mono and stereo modes are also supported. AC-3 supports audio sample-rates up to 48 kHz. Batman Returns was the first film to use Dolby Digital technology when it premiered in theaters in Summer 1992. The Laserdisc version of Clear and Present Danger featured the first Home theater Dolby Digital mix in 1995.
This codec has several aliases, which are different names for the same codec:
Dolby Digital (promotional name, not accepted by the ATSC)
DD (an abbreviation of above, often combined with channel count: DD 5.1)
Dolby Surround AC-3 Digital (second promotional name, as seen on early film releases and on home audio equipment until about 1995/1996)
Dolby Stereo Digital (first promotional name, as seen on early releases, also seen on True Lies LaserDisc)
Dolby SR-Digital (when the recording incorporates a Dolby SR-format recording for compatibility)
SR-D (an abbreviation of above)
Audio Coding 3 (relates to the bitstream format of Dolby Digital)
AC-3 (an abbreviation of above)
Audio Codec 3, Advanced Codec 3, Acoustic Coder 3 (These are backronyms. However, Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding 3, or ATRAC3, is a separate format developed by Sony)
ATSC A/52 (name of the standard, current version is A/52 Rev. B)
[edit] Dolby Digital EX
Dolby Digital EX is similar in practice to Dolby's earlier Pro-Logic format, which utilized matrix technology to add a center channel and single rear surround channel to stereo soundtracks. EX adds an extension to the standard 5.1 channel Dolby Digital codec in the form of matrixed rear channels, creating 6.1 or 7.1 channel output. However, the format is not considered a true 6.1 or 7.1 channel codec because it lacks the capability to support a discrete 6th channel unlike the competing DTS-ES codec.
[edit] Dolby Digital Surround EX
The Cinema Version of "Dolby Digital EX" is called Dolby Digital Surround Ex and works the same way. Dolby Digital Surround EX was co-developed by Dolby and Lucasfilm THX in time for the release in May 1999 of Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. It provides an economical and backwards-compatible means for 5.1 soundtracks to carry a sixth, center back surround channel for improved localization of effects. The extra surround channel is matrix encoded onto the discrete Left Surround and Right Surround channels of the 5.1 mix, much like the front center channel on Dolby Surround encoded stereo soundtracks. The result can be played without loss of information on standard 5.1 systems, or played in 6.1 or 7.1 on systems equipped with Surround EX decoding and additional speakers. Dolby Digital Surround EX has since been used for the Star Wars prequels on the DVD versions and also the remastered original Star Wars trilogy. A number of DVDs have Dolby Digital Surround EX audio option.
[edit] Dolby Digital Live
Dolby Digital Live (DDL) is a real-time hardware encoding technology for interactive media such as video games. It converts any audio signals on a PC or game console into a 5.1-channel Dolby Digital format and transports it via a single S/PDIF cable.[1] A similar technology known as DTS Connect is available from competitor DTS.
Dolby Digital Live is currently available in sound cards from manufacturers such as Creative Labs, Diamond Multimedia, TerraTec, Turtle Beach,[2] HT OMEGA SYSTEM,[3] Auzentech[4] and Asus[5] using C-Media chipsets. The SoundStorm, used for the Xbox game console and certain nForce2-based PCs, used an early form of this technology.
DDL is also available on motherboards with codecs such as Realtek's ALC882D,[6] ALC888DD and ALC888H.
DDL is also supported by all Creative X-Fi based sound cards (except the Xtreme Audio which is not capable of DDL in hardware), but was intentionally disabled in the original drivers by Creative on all but the Auzentech Prelude. A programmer named Daniel Kawakami had re-enabled this feature and fixed other bugs in the Windows drivers through a series of modified drivers that he made publicly available. Creative Labs had alleged that Daniel had violated their intellectual property and demanded he cease distributing his modified drivers.[7][8]
In 2008 Creative released the X-Fi Titanium series of sound cards which fully support Dolby Digital Live. In addition, in September 2008 Creative began selling the "Dolby Digital Live" and "DTS Connect" packs which enables Dolby Digital Live on Creative's X-Fi series of sound cards. It can be purchased and downloaded from Creative.[9]
An important benefit of this technology is that it enables the use of digital multichannel sound with consumer sound cards, which are otherwise limited to PCM stereo or multichannel analog.
[edit] Dolby Digital Plus
Main article: Dolby Digital Plus
E-AC-3, more commonly known as Dolby Digital Plus, is an enhanced coding system based on the AC-3 codec. It offers increased bitrates (up to 6.144 Mbit/s), support for more audio channels (up to 13.1), and improved coding techniques to reduce compression artifacts. It is not backward compatible with existing AC-3 hardware, though E-AC-3 decoders generally are capable of transcoding to AC-3 or DTS for equipment connected via S/PDIF. Only the discontinued HD DVD system directly supported E-AC-3, though Blu-ray disk offers E-AC-3 as a option to graft additional channels onto an otherwise 5.1 AC-3 stream.
[edit] Dolby TrueHD
Main article: Dolby TrueHD
Dolby TrueHD, developed by Dolby Laboratories, is an advanced lossless audio codec based on Meridian Lossless Packing. Support for the codec was mandatory for HD DVD and is optional for Blu-ray Disc hardware. TrueHD supports 24-bit, 96 kHz audio channels at up to 18 Mbit/s over 14 channels (HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc standards currently limit the maximum number of audio channels to eight). It also supports extensive metadata, including dialog normalization and Dynamic Range Control.
Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Thursday, August 20, 2009
Mac OS X
Mac OS X (pronounced /mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn/)[3] is a line of computer operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., and since 2002 has been included with all new Macintosh computer systems. It is the successor to Mac OS 9, the final release of the "classic" Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. Mac OS X, whose "X" represents the Roman numeral for "10" and is a prominent part of its brand identity, is a Unix-based operating system,[4] built on technologies developed at NeXT between the second half of the 1980s and Apple's purchase of the company in early 1996. Its sixth and most recent version, Mac OS X v10.5 is certified UNIX 03 while running on Intel processors.[5]
The first version released was Mac OS X Server 1.0 in 1999, and a desktop-oriented version, Mac OS X version 10.0 followed on March 24, 2001. Releases of Mac OS X are named after big cats; for example, Mac OS X v10.5 is usually referred to by Apple and users as "Leopard". The server edition, Mac OS X Server, is architecturally identical to its desktop counterpart, and includes tools to facilitate management of workgroups of Mac OS X machines, and to provide access to network services. These tools include a mail transfer agent, a Samba server, an LDAP server, a domain name server, and others. It is pre-loaded on Apple's Xserve server hardware, but can be run on most of Apple's computer models.
Apple also produces specialized versions of Mac OS X for use on three of its consumer devices; the iPhone OS for the iPhone and iPod Touch,[6] and an unnamed version for the Apple TV.[7]
History
Mac OS X is based upon the Mach kernel.[8] Certain parts from FreeBSD's and NetBSD's implementation of Unix were incorporated in Nextstep, the core of Mac OS X. Nextstep was the object-oriented operating system developed by Steve Jobs' company NeXT after he left Apple in 1985.[9] While Jobs was away from Apple, Apple tried to create a "next-generation" OS through the Taligent, Copland and Gershwin projects, with little success.[10]
Eventually, NeXT's OS—then called OPENSTEP—was selected to be the basis for Apple's next OS, and Apple purchased NeXT outright.[11] Steve Jobs returned to Apple as interim CEO, and later became CEO again, shepherding the transformation of the programmer-friendly OPENSTEP into a system that would be adopted by Apple's primary market of home users and creative professionals. The project was first known as Rhapsody and was later renamed to Mac OS X.[12]
Mac OS X Server 1.x, was incompatible with software designed for the original Mac OS and had no support for Apple's own IEEE 1394 interface (FireWire). Mac OS X 10.x included more backward compatibility and functionality by including the Carbon API as well as FireWire support. As the operating system evolved, it moved away from the legacy Mac OS to an emphasis on new "digital lifestyle" applications such as the iLife suite, enhanced business applications (iWork), and integrated home entertainment (the Front Row media center).[13] Each version also included modifications to the general interface, such as the brushed metal appearance added in version 10.3, the non-pinstriped titlebar appearance in version 10.4, and in 10.5 the removal of the previous brushed metal styles in favor of the "Unified" gradient window style.[14][15]
The first version released was Mac OS X Server 1.0 in 1999, and a desktop-oriented version, Mac OS X version 10.0 followed on March 24, 2001. Releases of Mac OS X are named after big cats; for example, Mac OS X v10.5 is usually referred to by Apple and users as "Leopard". The server edition, Mac OS X Server, is architecturally identical to its desktop counterpart, and includes tools to facilitate management of workgroups of Mac OS X machines, and to provide access to network services. These tools include a mail transfer agent, a Samba server, an LDAP server, a domain name server, and others. It is pre-loaded on Apple's Xserve server hardware, but can be run on most of Apple's computer models.
Apple also produces specialized versions of Mac OS X for use on three of its consumer devices; the iPhone OS for the iPhone and iPod Touch,[6] and an unnamed version for the Apple TV.[7]
History
Mac OS X is based upon the Mach kernel.[8] Certain parts from FreeBSD's and NetBSD's implementation of Unix were incorporated in Nextstep, the core of Mac OS X. Nextstep was the object-oriented operating system developed by Steve Jobs' company NeXT after he left Apple in 1985.[9] While Jobs was away from Apple, Apple tried to create a "next-generation" OS through the Taligent, Copland and Gershwin projects, with little success.[10]
Eventually, NeXT's OS—then called OPENSTEP—was selected to be the basis for Apple's next OS, and Apple purchased NeXT outright.[11] Steve Jobs returned to Apple as interim CEO, and later became CEO again, shepherding the transformation of the programmer-friendly OPENSTEP into a system that would be adopted by Apple's primary market of home users and creative professionals. The project was first known as Rhapsody and was later renamed to Mac OS X.[12]
Mac OS X Server 1.x, was incompatible with software designed for the original Mac OS and had no support for Apple's own IEEE 1394 interface (FireWire). Mac OS X 10.x included more backward compatibility and functionality by including the Carbon API as well as FireWire support. As the operating system evolved, it moved away from the legacy Mac OS to an emphasis on new "digital lifestyle" applications such as the iLife suite, enhanced business applications (iWork), and integrated home entertainment (the Front Row media center).[13] Each version also included modifications to the general interface, such as the brushed metal appearance added in version 10.3, the non-pinstriped titlebar appearance in version 10.4, and in 10.5 the removal of the previous brushed metal styles in favor of the "Unified" gradient window style.[14][15]
DVD Ripper-collection
http:www.emicsoft.com
Emicsoft DVD Ripper is known as one of the fastest DVD ripper which can help you rip DVD to almost video and audio formats with excellent output quality. With the DVD Video Ripper, you can rip DVD movies to AVI, MP4, WMV, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MOV, 3GP, FLV, SWF, DivX, XviD, etc. and also can help you convert DVD to audio formats such as MP3, WMA, WAV, AAC, AC3, OGG, AIFF and so on. The best dvd ripping software also supports High Definition formats and portable devices: iPod, iPhone, Apple TV, Blackberry, Xbox, PSP, PS3, Pocket PC, etc.
Apart from multi-formats supported, Emicsoft DVD Ripper also lets you trim, crop, and set effects of the videos and audios. You can directly open the location folder, add or remove files at ease, add subtitle or not, all basic and advanced edit functions are prepared for you.
With powerful functions and user-friendly interface, Emicsoft DVD Ripper is your best choice when you ripping DVD movies to your players. Just try the best dvd ripper and rip DVD to any format you need.
1. Multi-formats supported by this Emicsoft DVD Ripper
You can use the software to rip DVD file to AVI, MPEG, WMV, MP4, H.264/AVC, RM, MOV, XviD, 3GP, FLV, VOB, ASF, DV, MP3, WMA, WAV, RA, M4A, AAC, AC3, OGG,iPod, iPhone, Apple TV, PSP, PS3, BlackBerry, Xbox, mobile phone, ZEN player.
2. Huge editing functions
With Emicsoft DVD Ripper, you can trim the video length whatever clip you want, crop your unwanted blank area, set audio and video effects.
3. Magic individual settings
You are allowed to customize the output settings like bit rate, frame rate for fluency, sample rate, channel, and more parameters are listed for you to create individual files.
4. Flexible to clip with subtitle
If you want to one clip of the video and rename it, the software can help you rip the DVD with selectable target subtitle and audio track when you convert dvd to audios.
5. Preview is allowed
For checking convenience, the Emicsoft DVD Ripper allows you to preview the video before the conversion or during the conversion progress.
6. Capture pictures
May be you just like several images of the video, ok, the software is easy to help you capture images when you come across favorite pictures and save them as JPG, GIF, PNG, BMP.
7. Easy to use
With the friendly interface and easy-to-use steps, you can finish the ripping in few seconds.
Trim
Want certain part of DVD movie, just try this function which can split video into several small segments so that you can get any clip you like.
Crop
This function is to remove black bars round the movie, so if you need to alter video dimension, just reset crop values on Left, Right, Top, Bottom boxes to select the playing area.
Effect
The movie picture looks too dark? The contrast ratio is a bit low? Don't worry. Emicsoft DVD Ripper has such a practical function to help you set movie brightness, contrast, saturation and volume, so you can create perfect videos.
Deinterlacing
Deinterlacing function is prepared for ripping interlaced DVD disc. Check it, and then you can get better output effects.
Merge
When you add several videos at a time and want to join them into one large file, just check "Merge into one file" before the ripping.
Preview and Snapshot
There is a built-in preview screen for you to watch added videos. When you previewing, click snapshot button to capture current picture you like from the video and save as GIF, JPG or BMP.
Tipard DVD Ripper is the best DVD rip software to rip DVD to MP4, rip DVD to HD video and all other popular video and audio formats for iPod, PSP, Apple TV, Creative Zen, Zune, Pocket PC, etc. Tipard DVD Ripper makes it so convenient on DVD rip, then put DVD videos enjoyed in the palm of your hands, enabling you to watch them anywhere and anytime. This best DVD Ripper - Tipard DVD Ripper could easily rip DVD to MP4, DVD to AVI, DVD to WMV, DVD to MPEG, DVD to HD video and more other video/audio formats.
The DVD ripping software makes it practical to trim video clips, merge several titles or chapters into one, crop the video play region, capture your favorite pictures when previewing, and set video effects (Brightness, Contrast, Saturation, Deinterlacing). It also provides more output settings (Video Settings, Audio Settings) for you to choose.
Now, enjoy a convenient life, enrich the mobile experience. All can start with Tipard DVD Ripper.
1. High performance on rip DVD
Tipard DVD Ripper can rip DVD to MP4, rip DVD to HD video and AVI, WMV, FLV, MKV, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, 3GP, 3GPP, VOB, DivX, MOV, HD H.264, HD AVI, HD MPG, HD TS, HD WMV, etc with the fastest speed and no loss of quality.
2. Rip DVD audio efficiently
The best DVD rip software assists you to rip DVD audio to MP3, M4A, AAC, AC3, AIFF, AMR, AU, FLAC, MP2, OGG, WAV, WMA for your music enjoyment.
3. Define optimized video/audio settings
Detailed video and audio settings are provided by this DVD Ripping software for you to adjust, such as set video Encoder, Frame Rate, Video Bitrate to get customized video quality.
Set Audio Encoder, Sample Rate, Channel, Audio Bitrate.
You are capable of inputting you need video Resolution in Width (pixels)*Height (pixels), then saved all those settings as user-defined profile.
4. Adjust video effect
Tipard DVD Ripper enables you to adjust video effect: Brightness, Contrast, Saturation. For your adjusting video convenience, you are able to preview the original video and output video qualtiy at the same time.
5. Sync to most portable players
The ripped video can be played well on iPod, iPod Touch, iPod Touch 2, iPod Nano, iPod Nano 4, iPod Classic, iPhone, iPhone 3G, Apple TV, Wii, Zune, Zune 2, Xbox, Xbox 360, Google Phone, Sony Walkman, Archos, Creative Zen, etc.
Aiseesoft DVD Ripper, one of the Best DVD Ripper software, that could easily rip DVD to MP4, H.264, AVI, MP3, WMV, WMA, flv, MKV, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, 3GP, 3GPP, VOB, DivX, Mov, RM, RMVB, M4A, AAC, WAV, etc. with super fast DVD ripping speed and excellent image and sound quality.
Aiseesoft DVD Ripper support almost all popular portable players, with the Best DVD Ripper software, you can easily rip your DVD to PSP, iPod Classic, iPod Touch, iPod Nano, iPhone (3G), iPhone, Zune, Zune 2, Blackberry, Nokia, Creative Zen, Sony Walkman, iRiver PMP, Archos, PS3, Apple TV, Xbox, iPAQ, Pocket PC, Mobile Phone, etc.
Emicsoft DVD Ripper is known as one of the fastest DVD ripper which can help you rip DVD to almost video and audio formats with excellent output quality. With the DVD Video Ripper, you can rip DVD movies to AVI, MP4, WMV, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MOV, 3GP, FLV, SWF, DivX, XviD, etc. and also can help you convert DVD to audio formats such as MP3, WMA, WAV, AAC, AC3, OGG, AIFF and so on. The best dvd ripping software also supports High Definition formats and portable devices: iPod, iPhone, Apple TV, Blackberry, Xbox, PSP, PS3, Pocket PC, etc.
Apart from multi-formats supported, Emicsoft DVD Ripper also lets you trim, crop, and set effects of the videos and audios. You can directly open the location folder, add or remove files at ease, add subtitle or not, all basic and advanced edit functions are prepared for you.
With powerful functions and user-friendly interface, Emicsoft DVD Ripper is your best choice when you ripping DVD movies to your players. Just try the best dvd ripper and rip DVD to any format you need.
1. Multi-formats supported by this Emicsoft DVD Ripper
You can use the software to rip DVD file to AVI, MPEG, WMV, MP4, H.264/AVC, RM, MOV, XviD, 3GP, FLV, VOB, ASF, DV, MP3, WMA, WAV, RA, M4A, AAC, AC3, OGG,iPod, iPhone, Apple TV, PSP, PS3, BlackBerry, Xbox, mobile phone, ZEN player.
2. Huge editing functions
With Emicsoft DVD Ripper, you can trim the video length whatever clip you want, crop your unwanted blank area, set audio and video effects.
3. Magic individual settings
You are allowed to customize the output settings like bit rate, frame rate for fluency, sample rate, channel, and more parameters are listed for you to create individual files.
4. Flexible to clip with subtitle
If you want to one clip of the video and rename it, the software can help you rip the DVD with selectable target subtitle and audio track when you convert dvd to audios.
5. Preview is allowed
For checking convenience, the Emicsoft DVD Ripper allows you to preview the video before the conversion or during the conversion progress.
6. Capture pictures
May be you just like several images of the video, ok, the software is easy to help you capture images when you come across favorite pictures and save them as JPG, GIF, PNG, BMP.
7. Easy to use
With the friendly interface and easy-to-use steps, you can finish the ripping in few seconds.
Trim
Want certain part of DVD movie, just try this function which can split video into several small segments so that you can get any clip you like.
Crop
This function is to remove black bars round the movie, so if you need to alter video dimension, just reset crop values on Left, Right, Top, Bottom boxes to select the playing area.
Effect
The movie picture looks too dark? The contrast ratio is a bit low? Don't worry. Emicsoft DVD Ripper has such a practical function to help you set movie brightness, contrast, saturation and volume, so you can create perfect videos.
Deinterlacing
Deinterlacing function is prepared for ripping interlaced DVD disc. Check it, and then you can get better output effects.
Merge
When you add several videos at a time and want to join them into one large file, just check "Merge into one file" before the ripping.
Preview and Snapshot
There is a built-in preview screen for you to watch added videos. When you previewing, click snapshot button to capture current picture you like from the video and save as GIF, JPG or BMP.
Tipard DVD Ripper is the best DVD rip software to rip DVD to MP4, rip DVD to HD video and all other popular video and audio formats for iPod, PSP, Apple TV, Creative Zen, Zune, Pocket PC, etc. Tipard DVD Ripper makes it so convenient on DVD rip, then put DVD videos enjoyed in the palm of your hands, enabling you to watch them anywhere and anytime. This best DVD Ripper - Tipard DVD Ripper could easily rip DVD to MP4, DVD to AVI, DVD to WMV, DVD to MPEG, DVD to HD video and more other video/audio formats.
The DVD ripping software makes it practical to trim video clips, merge several titles or chapters into one, crop the video play region, capture your favorite pictures when previewing, and set video effects (Brightness, Contrast, Saturation, Deinterlacing). It also provides more output settings (Video Settings, Audio Settings) for you to choose.
Now, enjoy a convenient life, enrich the mobile experience. All can start with Tipard DVD Ripper.
1. High performance on rip DVD
Tipard DVD Ripper can rip DVD to MP4, rip DVD to HD video and AVI, WMV, FLV, MKV, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, 3GP, 3GPP, VOB, DivX, MOV, HD H.264, HD AVI, HD MPG, HD TS, HD WMV, etc with the fastest speed and no loss of quality.
2. Rip DVD audio efficiently
The best DVD rip software assists you to rip DVD audio to MP3, M4A, AAC, AC3, AIFF, AMR, AU, FLAC, MP2, OGG, WAV, WMA for your music enjoyment.
3. Define optimized video/audio settings
Detailed video and audio settings are provided by this DVD Ripping software for you to adjust, such as set video Encoder, Frame Rate, Video Bitrate to get customized video quality.
Set Audio Encoder, Sample Rate, Channel, Audio Bitrate.
You are capable of inputting you need video Resolution in Width (pixels)*Height (pixels), then saved all those settings as user-defined profile.
4. Adjust video effect
Tipard DVD Ripper enables you to adjust video effect: Brightness, Contrast, Saturation. For your adjusting video convenience, you are able to preview the original video and output video qualtiy at the same time.
5. Sync to most portable players
The ripped video can be played well on iPod, iPod Touch, iPod Touch 2, iPod Nano, iPod Nano 4, iPod Classic, iPhone, iPhone 3G, Apple TV, Wii, Zune, Zune 2, Xbox, Xbox 360, Google Phone, Sony Walkman, Archos, Creative Zen, etc.
Aiseesoft DVD Ripper, one of the Best DVD Ripper software, that could easily rip DVD to MP4, H.264, AVI, MP3, WMV, WMA, flv, MKV, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, 3GP, 3GPP, VOB, DivX, Mov, RM, RMVB, M4A, AAC, WAV, etc. with super fast DVD ripping speed and excellent image and sound quality.
Aiseesoft DVD Ripper support almost all popular portable players, with the Best DVD Ripper software, you can easily rip your DVD to PSP, iPod Classic, iPod Touch, iPod Nano, iPhone (3G), iPhone, Zune, Zune 2, Blackberry, Nokia, Creative Zen, Sony Walkman, iRiver PMP, Archos, PS3, Apple TV, Xbox, iPAQ, Pocket PC, Mobile Phone, etc.
History-Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith, Jr. (December 23, 1805 – June 27, 1844) was the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, also known as Mormonism, and an important religious and political figure in the United States during the 1830s and 1840s. In 1827, Smith began to gather a religious following after announcing that an angel had shown him a set of golden plates describing a visit of Jesus to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. In 1830, Smith published what he said was a translation of these plates as the Book of Mormon. The same year he organized a new church, which he called the Church of Christ.
During most of the 1830s, Smith lived in Kirtland, Ohio, which remained the headquarters of the church until the collapse of the Kirtland Safety Society encouraged him to gather the church to the Latter Day Saint settlement in Missouri. There, tensions between church members and non-Mormons escalated into the 1838 Mormon War, leading to Smith's imprisonment and an executive order by the Missouri governor that effectively expelled Latter Day Saints from the state. After escaping from custody, Smith and his followers settled in Nauvoo, Illinois.
There he was accused of aspiring to create a theocracy and of practicing polygamy, which he publicly denied. He ran for President of the United States in 1844, and during the campaign, his part in the Nauvoo City Council's decision to suppress a newspaper that had published accusations against Smith led to his assassination by a mob of non-Mormons.
Joseph Smith's legacy includes several religious denominations with adherents numbering in the millions, denominations that share a belief in Jesus but that vary in their acceptance of each other and of traditional Christianity. Smith's followers consider him a prophet and believe that some of his revelations are sacred texts on par with the Bible.
From Wikipedia
During most of the 1830s, Smith lived in Kirtland, Ohio, which remained the headquarters of the church until the collapse of the Kirtland Safety Society encouraged him to gather the church to the Latter Day Saint settlement in Missouri. There, tensions between church members and non-Mormons escalated into the 1838 Mormon War, leading to Smith's imprisonment and an executive order by the Missouri governor that effectively expelled Latter Day Saints from the state. After escaping from custody, Smith and his followers settled in Nauvoo, Illinois.
There he was accused of aspiring to create a theocracy and of practicing polygamy, which he publicly denied. He ran for President of the United States in 1844, and during the campaign, his part in the Nauvoo City Council's decision to suppress a newspaper that had published accusations against Smith led to his assassination by a mob of non-Mormons.
Joseph Smith's legacy includes several religious denominations with adherents numbering in the millions, denominations that share a belief in Jesus but that vary in their acceptance of each other and of traditional Christianity. Smith's followers consider him a prophet and believe that some of his revelations are sacred texts on par with the Bible.
From Wikipedia
AVI Format
Audio Video Interleave, known by its acronym AVI, is a multimedia container format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows technology. AVI files can contain both audio and video data in a file container that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback. Like the DVD video format, AVI files support multiple streaming audio and video, although these features are seldom used. Most AVI files also use the file format extensions developed by the Matrox OpenDML group in February 1996. These files are supported by Microsoft, and are unofficially called "AVI 2.0".
AVI Format
AVI is a derivative of the Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF), which divides a file's data into blocks, or "chunks." Each "chunk" is identified by a FourCC tag. An AVI file takes the form of a single chunk in a RIFF formatted file, which is then subdivided into two mandatory "chunks" and one optional "chunk".
The first sub-chunk is identified by the "hdrl" tag. This sub-chunk is the file header and contains metadata about the video, such as its width, height and frame rate. The second sub-chunk is identified by the "movi" tag. This chunk contains the actual audio/visual data that make up the AVI movie. The third optional sub-chunk is identified by the "idx1" tag which indexes the offsets of the data chunks within the file.
By way of the RIFF format, the audio/visual data contained in the "movi" chunk can be encoded or decoded by software called a codec, which is an abbreviation for (en)coder/decoder. Upon creation of the file, the codec translates between raw data and the (compressed) data format used inside the chunk. An AVI file may carry audio/visual data inside the chunks in virtually any compression scheme, including Full Frame (Uncompressed), Intel Real Time (Indeo), Cinepak, Motion JPEG, Editable MPEG, VDOWave, ClearVideo / RealVideo, QPEG, and MPEG-4 Video.
DV AVI
DV AVI (aka DV-AVI) is a type of AVI file where the video has been compressed to conform with DV standards, there are two types of DV AVI files.
AVI Format
AVI is a derivative of the Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF), which divides a file's data into blocks, or "chunks." Each "chunk" is identified by a FourCC tag. An AVI file takes the form of a single chunk in a RIFF formatted file, which is then subdivided into two mandatory "chunks" and one optional "chunk".
The first sub-chunk is identified by the "hdrl" tag. This sub-chunk is the file header and contains metadata about the video, such as its width, height and frame rate. The second sub-chunk is identified by the "movi" tag. This chunk contains the actual audio/visual data that make up the AVI movie. The third optional sub-chunk is identified by the "idx1" tag which indexes the offsets of the data chunks within the file.
By way of the RIFF format, the audio/visual data contained in the "movi" chunk can be encoded or decoded by software called a codec, which is an abbreviation for (en)coder/decoder. Upon creation of the file, the codec translates between raw data and the (compressed) data format used inside the chunk. An AVI file may carry audio/visual data inside the chunks in virtually any compression scheme, including Full Frame (Uncompressed), Intel Real Time (Indeo), Cinepak, Motion JPEG, Editable MPEG, VDOWave, ClearVideo / RealVideo, QPEG, and MPEG-4 Video.
DV AVI
DV AVI (aka DV-AVI) is a type of AVI file where the video has been compressed to conform with DV standards, there are two types of DV AVI files.
Gangtok
Gangtok is the capital and largest town of the Indian state of Sikkim. Gangtok is located in the Shivalik Hills of the eastern Himalayan range, at an altitude of 1,437 metres (4,715 ft). The town, with a population of thirty thousand belonging to different ethnicities such as Nepalis, Lepchas and Bhutia, is administered by various departments of the Government of Sikkim. Nestled within higher peaks of the Himalaya and enjoying a year-round mild temperate climate, Gangtok is at the centre of Sikkim’s tourism industry. Gangtok rose to prominence as a popular Buddhist pilgrimage site after the construction of the Enchey Monastery in 1840. In 1894, the ruling Sikkimese Chogyal, Thutob Namgyal, transferred the capital to Gangtok. In the early 20th century, Gangtok became a major stopover on the trade route between Lhasa in Tibet and cities such as Kolkata (then Calcutta) in British India. After the British granted India its independence in 1947, Sikkim chose to remain an independent monarchy, with Gangtok as its capital. In 1975, after the integration with the union of India, Gangtok was made India's twenty-second state capital. Today, Gangtok is a centre of Tibetan Buddhist culture and learning, with the presence of several monasteries, religious educational institutions, and centres for Tibetology.
From Wikipedia
From Wikipedia
MP3 Converter for Mac
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The mp3 converter for mac is specially made to convert mp3 on mac with the aim to provide qualified audio files for some special audio players, such as sun au player, blackberry, Dolby digital, etc. And also, the software has been tested by our expert for times, so it is not necessary to worry about the stability and performance of the mp3 converter for mac.
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Free download the software is ok, and if you buy one, you can enjoy the lifelong service on the audio and video conversion. You can convert mp3 to wma for mac, mp3 to wav for mac, mp3 to m4a for mac, mp3 to aac for mac, mp3 to aiff for mac, mp3 to ogg for mac,etc.
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Wednesday, August 19, 2009
WMV Format
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Windows Media Video
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Wmv)
Jump to: navigation, search
Windows Media Video
Filename extension
.wmv
Internet media type
video/x-ms-wmv
Uniform Type Identifier
com.microsoft.windows-?media-wmv
Developed by
Microsoft
Type of format
video file format
Windows Media Video (WMV) is a compressed video file format for several proprietary codecs developed by Microsoft. The original codec, known as WMV, was originally designed for Internet streaming applications, as a competitor to RealVideo. The other codecs, such as WMV Screen and WMV Image, cater for specialized content. Through standardization from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE),[1][2] WMV has gained adoption for physical-delivery formats such as HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc.[3][4]
Contents[hide]
1 History
2 Container format
3 Codecs
3.1 Windows Media Video
3.2 Windows Media Video Screen
3.3 Windows Media Video Image
4 Video quality
5 Players
6 Decoders / Transcoders
7 Encoders
8 Digital rights management
9 Criticism
10 Versions
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
//
[edit] History
This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. Please help clarify the article; suggestions may be found on the talk page. (February 2009)
In 2003, Microsoft drafted a video codec specification based on its WMV 9 codec and submitted it to SMPTE for standardization. The standard was officially approved in March 2006 as SMPTE 421M, better known as VC-1, thus making the WMV 9 codec an open but still proprietary standard. Since then, VC-1 has become one of the three mandatory video codecs for the BD-ROM specifications.[3][4]
[edit] Container format
Main article: Advanced Systems Format
A WMV file is in most circumstances encapsulated in the Advanced Systems Format (ASF) container format.[5] The file extension .WMV typically describes ASF files that use Windows Media Video codecs. The audio codec used in conjunction with Windows Media Video is typically some version of Windows Media Audio, or in rarer cases, the deprecated Sipro ACELP.net audio codec. Microsoft recommends that ASF files containing non-Windows Media codecs use the generic .ASF file extension.
The ASF container can optionally support digital rights management using a combination of elliptic curve cryptography key exchange, DES block cipher, a custom block cipher, RC4 stream cipher and the SHA-1 hashing function.
Although WMV is generally packed into the ASF container format, it can also be put into the AVI or Matroska container format. The resulting files claim the .AVI, or .MKV file extensions, respectively. WMV can be stored in an AVI file when using the WMV 9 Video Compression Manager (VCM) codec implementation.[6][7] Another common way to store WMV in an AVI file is to use the VirtualDub encoder.
[edit] Codecs
[edit] Windows Media Video
Diagram illustrating the relative frame sizes of several common video resolutions targeted by Windows Media Video 9 Professional, starting with 480p.
Windows Media Video (WMV) is the most recognized codec within the WMV family. Usage of the term WMV often refers to this codec only. Its main competitors are MPEG-4 AVC, AVS, RealVideo, DivX, and Xvid. The first version of the codec, WMV 7, was introduced in 1999, and was built upon Microsoft's implementation of MPEG-4 Part 2.[8] Continued proprietary development led to newer versions of the codec, but the bit stream syntax was not frozen until WMV 9.[9] While all versions of WMV support variable bit rate, average bit rate, and constant bit rate, WMV 9 introduced several important features including native support for interlaced video, non-square pixels, and frame interpolation.[10] WMV 9 also introduced a new profile titled Windows Media Video 9 Professional,[11] which is activated automatically whenever the video resolution exceeds 300,000 pixels (e.g, 528x576, 640×480 or 768x432 and beyond) and the bitrate 1000 kbit/s[citation needed]. It is targeted towards high-definition video content, at resolutions such as 720p and 1080p.
The Simple and Main profile levels in WMV 9 are compliant with the same profile levels in the VC-1 specification.[12] The Advanced Profile in VC-1 is implemented in a new WMV codec called Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile. It improves compressions efficiency for interlaced content and is made transport-independent, making it able to be encapsulated in an MPEG transport stream or RTP packet format. The codec is not compatible with previous WMV 9 codecs, however.[13]
WMV is a mandatory video codec for PlaysForSure-certified online stores and devices, as well as Portable Media Center devices. The Microsoft Zune, Xbox 360, Windows Mobile-powered devices with Windows Media Player, as well as many uncertified devices, support the codec.[14] WMV HD mandates the use of WMV 9 for its certification program, at quality levels specified by Microsoft.[15] WMV is also the only supported video codec for the Microsoft Silverlight platform.[16]
[edit] Windows Media Video Screen
Windows Media Video Screen (WMV Screen) is a screencast codec. It can capture live screen content, or convert video from third-party screen-capture programs into WMV 9 Screen files. It works best when the source material is mainly static and contains a small color palette.[17] Depending on the complexity of the source material, the codec may switch between lossy and lossless encoding to enhance compression efficiency.[17]
One of the uses for the codec is computer step-by-step demonstration videos. The first version of the codec was WMV 7 Screen, The second and current version, WMV 9 Screen, supports VBR encoding in addition to CBR.[17]
[edit] Windows Media Video Image
Windows Media Video Image (WMV Image) is a video slideshow codec. The codec works by applying timing, panning and transition effects to a series of images during playback.[18] The codec achieves a higher compression ratio and image quality than WMV 9 for still images as files encoded with WMV Image store static images rather than full-motion video.
Since the codec relies on the decoder (player) to generate video frames in real-time, playing WMV Image files even at moderate resolutions (eg., 30 frames per second at 1024 × 768 resolution) requires heavy computer processing. The latest version of the codec, WMV 9.1 Image, used by Photo Story 3, features additional transformation effects, but is not compatible with the original WMV 9 Image codec.[18]
Hardware support for WMV Image is available from Portable Media Centers, Windows Mobile-powered devices with Windows Media Player 10 Mobile.[14]
[edit] Video quality
Microsoft claims that WMV 9 provides a compression ratio that is two times better than MPEG-4, and three times better than MPEG-2;[19] Microsoft also claims that WMV 9 is 15–50% better than WMV 8 in terms of compression efficiency.[19] One test report published in January 2005, however, showed that WMV 9 had worse compression efficiency than WMV 8.[20] Many 3rd party WMV compilers have had worse performance than Windows Movie Maker.
[edit] Players
Screenshot of Windows Media Player 11, built into the Windows Vista operating system and available for Windows XP (all versions) as a free download which supports all Windows Media Video codecs.
Software that can play WMV files include Windows Media Player, GOM Player, ALLPlayer, The KMPlayer, PowerDVD, RealPlayer, MPlayer, VLC Media Player, Zoom Player and Media Player Classic. The Microsoft Zune media management software supports the WMV codec, but uses a Zune-specific variation of Windows Media DRM which is used by PlaysForSure. Many third-party players exist for various platforms such as Linux that use the FFmpeg implementation of the WMV codecs.
On the Macintosh platform, Microsoft released a PowerPC version of Windows Media Player for Mac OS X in 2003,[21] but further development of the software has ceased. Microsoft currently endorses the 3rd party Flip4Mac WMV, a QuickTime Component which allows Macintosh users to play WMV files in any player that uses the QuickTime framework.[22] According to the Flip4Mac website, WMV files with DRM encryption are not compatible with the component.
[edit] Decoders / Transcoders
Linux users can rely on FFmpeg based software like mplayer, mencoder.
For Mac users who wish to convert WMV to MP4, iSquint is a freeware that will do the job.
[edit] Encoders
Software that exports video in WMV format include Avid (PC Version), Windows Movie Maker, Windows Media Encoder, Microsoft Expression Encoder, Sorenson Squeeze,[23] Sony Vegas Pro,[24], Adobe Premiere Pro, Telestream Episode, and Telestream FlipFactory.[23]
Programs that encode using the WMV Image codec include Windows Media Encoder and Photo Story.
[edit] Digital rights management
Main article: Windows Media DRM
While none of the WMV codecs themselves contain any digital rights management facilities, the ASF container format, in which a WMV stream may be encapsulated, can. Windows Media DRM, which can be used in conjunction with WMV, supports time-limited subscription video services such as those offered by CinemaNow.[25] Windows Media DRM, a component of PlaysForSure and Windows Media Connect, is supported on many modern portable video devices and streaming media clients such as the Xbox 360.
[edit] Criticism
WMV has been the subject of numerous complaints from users and the press. Users dislike the digital rights management system which is sometimes attached to WMV files.[26] The loss of the ability to restore licenses for WMV files in the Windows Media Player 11 was not positively received.[26] In addition, the Microsoft Zune does not support the standard Windows Media DRM system, rendering protected WMV files unplayable.[27]
[edit] Versions
Public Name
FourCC
Description
Microsoft MPEG-4 Video Codec V1
MPG4
Video for Windows-based codec. Non-standard MPEG-4 codec incompatible with the later standardized version of MPEG-4.
Microsoft MPEG-4 Video Codec V2
MP42
Video for Windows-based codec. Non-standard MPEG-4 codec incompatible with the later standardized version of MPEG-4.
Microsoft MPEG-4 Video Codec V3
MP43
Video for Windows-based codec. Non-standard MPEG-4 codec incompatible with the later standardized version of MPEG-4. This version however can only encode to ASF files, it cannot be used to encode AVI files without hacking.
Microsoft ISO MPEG-4 Video Codec V1
MP4S
DirectX Media Objects (DMO)-based codec. MPEG-4 Simple Profile compliant.
Microsoft ISO MPEG-4 Video Codec V1.1
M4S2
Windows Media Video V7
WMV1
DMO-based codec.
Windows Media Screen V7
MSS1
DMO-based codec. Optimized for low-bitrate sequential screen captures or screencasts. Deprecated in favor of Windows Media 9 Screen codec.
Windows Media Video V8
WMV2
DMO-based codec.
Windows Media Video 9
WMV3
DMO-based codec. Video for Windows (VfW/VCM) version also available.
Windows Media Video 9 Screen
MSS2
DMO-based codec. Optimized for low-bitrate sequential screen captures or screencasts.
Windows Media Video 9.1 Image
WMVP
DMO-based codec. Optimized for encoding video from sequential bitmap images. Used, for instance, by Photo Story.
Windows Media Video 9.1 Image V2
WVP2
DMO-based codec. Optimized for encoding video from sequential bitmap images. Used, for instance, by Photo Story.
Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile
WMVA
DMO-based codec. Video for Windows (VfW/VCM) version also available. Deprecated as VC-1 non-compliant.
Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile
WVC1
DMO-based codec. VC-1 compliant format.
[edit] See also
Codec – The technical term for compressor and decompressor
VC-1 – The SMPTE codec standard based on WMV 9 that supports additional broadcast industry requirements
WMV HD – The marketing name for high definition videos encoded using WMV 9 codecs
Windows Media DRM – A digital rights management component of Windows Media that controls how content can be used
Windows Media Audio – An audio file format and codec developed by Microsoft
JPEG XR / HD Photo – An image file format and codec developed by Microsoft
Windows Movie Maker – A video editing tool included with the Microsoft Windows operating system
MPlayer – A third-party, open source, cross-platform media player capable of playing many WMV files using FFmpeg
FFmpeg – A third-party cross-platform free software codec library which implements WMV and VC-1 among other formats
WMV Player – A third-party, commercial codec which allows viewing of WMV files in QuickTime for Mac OS X
Flip4Mac – QuickTime component to play and encode Windows Media files in QuickTime
Lossy data compression – Data compression with loss of information
Lossless data compression – Data compression without loss of information
Comparison of video codecs
[edit] References
^ SMPTE VC-1 Receiving Industrywide Support
^ Microsoft VC-1 Codec Now a Standard
^ a b Blu-ray Disc BD-ROM Specification Adds Microsoft's VC-1 Advanced Video Codec
^ a b Microsoft Technology Brings HD DVD to the Mainstream
^ MSDN: The Difference Between ASF and WMV/WMA Files
^ Microsoft Corporation (2003-07-07) Windows Media Video 9 VCM, Retrieved on 2009-08-07
^ Windows Media Video 9 Series Codecs: Windows Media Video 9 VCM
^ MPEG-4 makes the scene
^ Windows Media Audio & Video 9 Series
^ Microsoft Windows Media - Demos Video Quality
^ Windows Media 9 Series Beta Reviewer's Guide
^ Using the Advanced Settings of the Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile Codec
^ streamingmedia.com Best Practices for Windows Media Encoding
^ a b Windows Media Player Mobile FAQ
^ WMV HD DVD Encoding Profile Guidelines
^ Microsoft Silverlight Developer Server Audio Video Streaming FAQ
^ a b c Windows Media Video 9 Series Codecs: Windows Media Video 9 Screen
^ a b Windows Media Video 9 Series Codecs: Windows Media Video 9 Image Version 2
^ a b Windows Media Video 9 Series Codecs: Advanced Profile
^ Subjective quality of internet video codecs - Phase 2 evaluations using SAMVIQ
^ Windows Media Player 9 for Mac OS X
^ Important information for Windows Media Player for Mac users
^ a b Sorenson Media
^ Sony Creative Software - Vegas Pro 8 - Technical Specifications
^ PlaysForSure: CinemaNow
^ a b Microsoft Media Player shreds your rights
^ Zune won't play MS DRM infected files
[edit] External links
Windows Media Homepage at Microsoft
Description of the algorithm used for Windows Media encryption
WMV HD Content Showcase
Demonstration of WMV 9 delivering 720p video at 1.8 mbit/s ABR
Demonstration of WMV 9 delivering 1080p video at 10 mbit/s ABR
History of Windows Media Player
[show]
v • d • eMultimedia compression formats
Video compression
ISO/IEC
MJPEG · Motion JPEG 2000 · MPEG-1 · MPEG-2 (Part 2) · MPEG-4 (Part 2/ASP · Part 10/AVC) · HVC
ITU-T
H.120 · H.261 · H.262 · H.263 · H.264 · H.265
Others
AMV · AVS · Bink · CineForm · Dirac · DV · Indeo · Pixlet · RealVideo · RTVideo · SheerVideo · Smacker · Sorenson Video · Theora · VC-1 · VP6 · VP7 · VP8 · WMV · XVD
Audio compression
ISO/IEC
MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) · MPEG-1 Layer II · MPEG-1 Layer I · AAC · HE-AAC
ITU-T
G.711 · G.718 · G.719 · G.722 · G.722.1 · G.722.2 · G.723 · G.723.1 · G.726 · G.728 · G.729 · G.729.1
Others
AC3 · AMR · AMR-WB · AMR-WB+ · Apple Lossless · ATRAC · DRA · FLAC · GSM-FR · GSM-EFR · iLBC · Monkey's Audio · μ-law · Musepack · Nellymoser · OptimFROG · RealAudio · RTAudio · SHN · Siren · Speex · Vorbis · WavPack · WMA · TAK · True Audio
Image compression
ISO/IEC/ITU-T
JPEG · JPEG 2000 · JPEG XR · lossless JPEG · JBIG · JBIG2 · PNG · WBMP
Others
APNG · BMP · EXR · GIF · ICER · ILBM · MNG · PCX · PGF · TGA · TIFF · JPEG XR / HD Photo
Media containers
General
3GP · ASF · AVI · Bink · BXF · DMF · DPX · EVO · FLV · GXF · M2TS · Matroska · MPEG-PS · MPEG-TS · MP4 · MXF · Ogg · Ogg Media · QuickTime · RealMedia · RIFF · Smacker · VOB · VVF
Audio only
AIFF · AU · WAV
See Compression Methods for methods and Compression Software Implementations for codecs
[show]
v • d • eData compression software implementations
Video compression(Comparison)
MPEG-4 ASP
3ivx · DivX · Nero Digital · FFmpeg MPEG-4 · HDX4 · Xvid
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
CoreAVC · Blu-code · DivX H.264 · Nero Digital AVC · QuickTime H.264 · x264
Lossless
CorePNG · FFV1 · Huffyuv · Lagarith · MSU Lossless · SheerVideo
Others
CineForm · Cinepak · DNxHD · Helix DNA Producer · Indeo · libavcodec · Schrödinger (Dirac) · SBC · Sorenson · VP7 · libtheora · Windows Media Encoder
Audio compression(Comparison)
Lossy
Freeware Advanced Audio Coding (FAAC) · Helix DNA Producer · l3enc · LAME · TooLAME · libavcodec · Musepack · libvorbis · Windows Media Encoder
Lossless
FLAC · ALAC · Monkey's Audio · OptimFROG · TTA · WavPack
Archivers(Comparison)
Free software
7-Zip · Ark · bzip2 · compress · File Roller · gzip · Info-ZIP · KGB Archiver · lzop · PAQ · PeaZip · The Unarchiver · tar · Xarchiver
Freeware
7zX · DGCA · Filzip · IZArc · LHA · StuffIt Expander · TUGZip · UHarc/WinUHA · Zipeg · ZipGenius
Proprietary
ARC · ALZip · Archive Utility · ARJ · JAR · MacBinary · PKZIP/SecureZIP · PowerArchiver · Squeez · StuffIt · WinAce · WinRAR · WinZip
Command line
ARC · ARJ · JAR · Info-ZIP · LHA · lzop · PAQ · PKZIP · RAR · UPX · UHarc · tar
See Compression Methods for methods and Compression Formats and Standards for formats
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video"
Categories: Computer file formats Video codecs Microsoft Windows multimedia technology Digital rights management
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Windows Media Video
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Wmv)
Jump to: navigation, search
Windows Media Video
Filename extension
.wmv
Internet media type
video/x-ms-wmv
Uniform Type Identifier
com.microsoft.windows-?media-wmv
Developed by
Microsoft
Type of format
video file format
Windows Media Video (WMV) is a compressed video file format for several proprietary codecs developed by Microsoft. The original codec, known as WMV, was originally designed for Internet streaming applications, as a competitor to RealVideo. The other codecs, such as WMV Screen and WMV Image, cater for specialized content. Through standardization from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE),[1][2] WMV has gained adoption for physical-delivery formats such as HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc.[3][4]
Contents[hide]
1 History
2 Container format
3 Codecs
3.1 Windows Media Video
3.2 Windows Media Video Screen
3.3 Windows Media Video Image
4 Video quality
5 Players
6 Decoders / Transcoders
7 Encoders
8 Digital rights management
9 Criticism
10 Versions
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
//
[edit] History
This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. Please help clarify the article; suggestions may be found on the talk page. (February 2009)
In 2003, Microsoft drafted a video codec specification based on its WMV 9 codec and submitted it to SMPTE for standardization. The standard was officially approved in March 2006 as SMPTE 421M, better known as VC-1, thus making the WMV 9 codec an open but still proprietary standard. Since then, VC-1 has become one of the three mandatory video codecs for the BD-ROM specifications.[3][4]
[edit] Container format
Main article: Advanced Systems Format
A WMV file is in most circumstances encapsulated in the Advanced Systems Format (ASF) container format.[5] The file extension .WMV typically describes ASF files that use Windows Media Video codecs. The audio codec used in conjunction with Windows Media Video is typically some version of Windows Media Audio, or in rarer cases, the deprecated Sipro ACELP.net audio codec. Microsoft recommends that ASF files containing non-Windows Media codecs use the generic .ASF file extension.
The ASF container can optionally support digital rights management using a combination of elliptic curve cryptography key exchange, DES block cipher, a custom block cipher, RC4 stream cipher and the SHA-1 hashing function.
Although WMV is generally packed into the ASF container format, it can also be put into the AVI or Matroska container format. The resulting files claim the .AVI, or .MKV file extensions, respectively. WMV can be stored in an AVI file when using the WMV 9 Video Compression Manager (VCM) codec implementation.[6][7] Another common way to store WMV in an AVI file is to use the VirtualDub encoder.
[edit] Codecs
[edit] Windows Media Video
Diagram illustrating the relative frame sizes of several common video resolutions targeted by Windows Media Video 9 Professional, starting with 480p.
Windows Media Video (WMV) is the most recognized codec within the WMV family. Usage of the term WMV often refers to this codec only. Its main competitors are MPEG-4 AVC, AVS, RealVideo, DivX, and Xvid. The first version of the codec, WMV 7, was introduced in 1999, and was built upon Microsoft's implementation of MPEG-4 Part 2.[8] Continued proprietary development led to newer versions of the codec, but the bit stream syntax was not frozen until WMV 9.[9] While all versions of WMV support variable bit rate, average bit rate, and constant bit rate, WMV 9 introduced several important features including native support for interlaced video, non-square pixels, and frame interpolation.[10] WMV 9 also introduced a new profile titled Windows Media Video 9 Professional,[11] which is activated automatically whenever the video resolution exceeds 300,000 pixels (e.g, 528x576, 640×480 or 768x432 and beyond) and the bitrate 1000 kbit/s[citation needed]. It is targeted towards high-definition video content, at resolutions such as 720p and 1080p.
The Simple and Main profile levels in WMV 9 are compliant with the same profile levels in the VC-1 specification.[12] The Advanced Profile in VC-1 is implemented in a new WMV codec called Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile. It improves compressions efficiency for interlaced content and is made transport-independent, making it able to be encapsulated in an MPEG transport stream or RTP packet format. The codec is not compatible with previous WMV 9 codecs, however.[13]
WMV is a mandatory video codec for PlaysForSure-certified online stores and devices, as well as Portable Media Center devices. The Microsoft Zune, Xbox 360, Windows Mobile-powered devices with Windows Media Player, as well as many uncertified devices, support the codec.[14] WMV HD mandates the use of WMV 9 for its certification program, at quality levels specified by Microsoft.[15] WMV is also the only supported video codec for the Microsoft Silverlight platform.[16]
[edit] Windows Media Video Screen
Windows Media Video Screen (WMV Screen) is a screencast codec. It can capture live screen content, or convert video from third-party screen-capture programs into WMV 9 Screen files. It works best when the source material is mainly static and contains a small color palette.[17] Depending on the complexity of the source material, the codec may switch between lossy and lossless encoding to enhance compression efficiency.[17]
One of the uses for the codec is computer step-by-step demonstration videos. The first version of the codec was WMV 7 Screen, The second and current version, WMV 9 Screen, supports VBR encoding in addition to CBR.[17]
[edit] Windows Media Video Image
Windows Media Video Image (WMV Image) is a video slideshow codec. The codec works by applying timing, panning and transition effects to a series of images during playback.[18] The codec achieves a higher compression ratio and image quality than WMV 9 for still images as files encoded with WMV Image store static images rather than full-motion video.
Since the codec relies on the decoder (player) to generate video frames in real-time, playing WMV Image files even at moderate resolutions (eg., 30 frames per second at 1024 × 768 resolution) requires heavy computer processing. The latest version of the codec, WMV 9.1 Image, used by Photo Story 3, features additional transformation effects, but is not compatible with the original WMV 9 Image codec.[18]
Hardware support for WMV Image is available from Portable Media Centers, Windows Mobile-powered devices with Windows Media Player 10 Mobile.[14]
[edit] Video quality
Microsoft claims that WMV 9 provides a compression ratio that is two times better than MPEG-4, and three times better than MPEG-2;[19] Microsoft also claims that WMV 9 is 15–50% better than WMV 8 in terms of compression efficiency.[19] One test report published in January 2005, however, showed that WMV 9 had worse compression efficiency than WMV 8.[20] Many 3rd party WMV compilers have had worse performance than Windows Movie Maker.
[edit] Players
Screenshot of Windows Media Player 11, built into the Windows Vista operating system and available for Windows XP (all versions) as a free download which supports all Windows Media Video codecs.
Software that can play WMV files include Windows Media Player, GOM Player, ALLPlayer, The KMPlayer, PowerDVD, RealPlayer, MPlayer, VLC Media Player, Zoom Player and Media Player Classic. The Microsoft Zune media management software supports the WMV codec, but uses a Zune-specific variation of Windows Media DRM which is used by PlaysForSure. Many third-party players exist for various platforms such as Linux that use the FFmpeg implementation of the WMV codecs.
On the Macintosh platform, Microsoft released a PowerPC version of Windows Media Player for Mac OS X in 2003,[21] but further development of the software has ceased. Microsoft currently endorses the 3rd party Flip4Mac WMV, a QuickTime Component which allows Macintosh users to play WMV files in any player that uses the QuickTime framework.[22] According to the Flip4Mac website, WMV files with DRM encryption are not compatible with the component.
[edit] Decoders / Transcoders
Linux users can rely on FFmpeg based software like mplayer, mencoder.
For Mac users who wish to convert WMV to MP4, iSquint is a freeware that will do the job.
[edit] Encoders
Software that exports video in WMV format include Avid (PC Version), Windows Movie Maker, Windows Media Encoder, Microsoft Expression Encoder, Sorenson Squeeze,[23] Sony Vegas Pro,[24], Adobe Premiere Pro, Telestream Episode, and Telestream FlipFactory.[23]
Programs that encode using the WMV Image codec include Windows Media Encoder and Photo Story.
[edit] Digital rights management
Main article: Windows Media DRM
While none of the WMV codecs themselves contain any digital rights management facilities, the ASF container format, in which a WMV stream may be encapsulated, can. Windows Media DRM, which can be used in conjunction with WMV, supports time-limited subscription video services such as those offered by CinemaNow.[25] Windows Media DRM, a component of PlaysForSure and Windows Media Connect, is supported on many modern portable video devices and streaming media clients such as the Xbox 360.
[edit] Criticism
WMV has been the subject of numerous complaints from users and the press. Users dislike the digital rights management system which is sometimes attached to WMV files.[26] The loss of the ability to restore licenses for WMV files in the Windows Media Player 11 was not positively received.[26] In addition, the Microsoft Zune does not support the standard Windows Media DRM system, rendering protected WMV files unplayable.[27]
[edit] Versions
Public Name
FourCC
Description
Microsoft MPEG-4 Video Codec V1
MPG4
Video for Windows-based codec. Non-standard MPEG-4 codec incompatible with the later standardized version of MPEG-4.
Microsoft MPEG-4 Video Codec V2
MP42
Video for Windows-based codec. Non-standard MPEG-4 codec incompatible with the later standardized version of MPEG-4.
Microsoft MPEG-4 Video Codec V3
MP43
Video for Windows-based codec. Non-standard MPEG-4 codec incompatible with the later standardized version of MPEG-4. This version however can only encode to ASF files, it cannot be used to encode AVI files without hacking.
Microsoft ISO MPEG-4 Video Codec V1
MP4S
DirectX Media Objects (DMO)-based codec. MPEG-4 Simple Profile compliant.
Microsoft ISO MPEG-4 Video Codec V1.1
M4S2
Windows Media Video V7
WMV1
DMO-based codec.
Windows Media Screen V7
MSS1
DMO-based codec. Optimized for low-bitrate sequential screen captures or screencasts. Deprecated in favor of Windows Media 9 Screen codec.
Windows Media Video V8
WMV2
DMO-based codec.
Windows Media Video 9
WMV3
DMO-based codec. Video for Windows (VfW/VCM) version also available.
Windows Media Video 9 Screen
MSS2
DMO-based codec. Optimized for low-bitrate sequential screen captures or screencasts.
Windows Media Video 9.1 Image
WMVP
DMO-based codec. Optimized for encoding video from sequential bitmap images. Used, for instance, by Photo Story.
Windows Media Video 9.1 Image V2
WVP2
DMO-based codec. Optimized for encoding video from sequential bitmap images. Used, for instance, by Photo Story.
Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile
WMVA
DMO-based codec. Video for Windows (VfW/VCM) version also available. Deprecated as VC-1 non-compliant.
Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile
WVC1
DMO-based codec. VC-1 compliant format.
[edit] See also
Codec – The technical term for compressor and decompressor
VC-1 – The SMPTE codec standard based on WMV 9 that supports additional broadcast industry requirements
WMV HD – The marketing name for high definition videos encoded using WMV 9 codecs
Windows Media DRM – A digital rights management component of Windows Media that controls how content can be used
Windows Media Audio – An audio file format and codec developed by Microsoft
JPEG XR / HD Photo – An image file format and codec developed by Microsoft
Windows Movie Maker – A video editing tool included with the Microsoft Windows operating system
MPlayer – A third-party, open source, cross-platform media player capable of playing many WMV files using FFmpeg
FFmpeg – A third-party cross-platform free software codec library which implements WMV and VC-1 among other formats
WMV Player – A third-party, commercial codec which allows viewing of WMV files in QuickTime for Mac OS X
Flip4Mac – QuickTime component to play and encode Windows Media files in QuickTime
Lossy data compression – Data compression with loss of information
Lossless data compression – Data compression without loss of information
Comparison of video codecs
[edit] References
^ SMPTE VC-1 Receiving Industrywide Support
^ Microsoft VC-1 Codec Now a Standard
^ a b Blu-ray Disc BD-ROM Specification Adds Microsoft's VC-1 Advanced Video Codec
^ a b Microsoft Technology Brings HD DVD to the Mainstream
^ MSDN: The Difference Between ASF and WMV/WMA Files
^ Microsoft Corporation (2003-07-07) Windows Media Video 9 VCM, Retrieved on 2009-08-07
^ Windows Media Video 9 Series Codecs: Windows Media Video 9 VCM
^ MPEG-4 makes the scene
^ Windows Media Audio & Video 9 Series
^ Microsoft Windows Media - Demos Video Quality
^ Windows Media 9 Series Beta Reviewer's Guide
^ Using the Advanced Settings of the Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile Codec
^ streamingmedia.com Best Practices for Windows Media Encoding
^ a b Windows Media Player Mobile FAQ
^ WMV HD DVD Encoding Profile Guidelines
^ Microsoft Silverlight Developer Server Audio Video Streaming FAQ
^ a b c Windows Media Video 9 Series Codecs: Windows Media Video 9 Screen
^ a b Windows Media Video 9 Series Codecs: Windows Media Video 9 Image Version 2
^ a b Windows Media Video 9 Series Codecs: Advanced Profile
^ Subjective quality of internet video codecs - Phase 2 evaluations using SAMVIQ
^ Windows Media Player 9 for Mac OS X
^ Important information for Windows Media Player for Mac users
^ a b Sorenson Media
^ Sony Creative Software - Vegas Pro 8 - Technical Specifications
^ PlaysForSure: CinemaNow
^ a b Microsoft Media Player shreds your rights
^ Zune won't play MS DRM infected files
[edit] External links
Windows Media Homepage at Microsoft
Description of the algorithm used for Windows Media encryption
WMV HD Content Showcase
Demonstration of WMV 9 delivering 720p video at 1.8 mbit/s ABR
Demonstration of WMV 9 delivering 1080p video at 10 mbit/s ABR
History of Windows Media Player
[show]
v • d • eMultimedia compression formats
Video compression
ISO/IEC
MJPEG · Motion JPEG 2000 · MPEG-1 · MPEG-2 (Part 2) · MPEG-4 (Part 2/ASP · Part 10/AVC) · HVC
ITU-T
H.120 · H.261 · H.262 · H.263 · H.264 · H.265
Others
AMV · AVS · Bink · CineForm · Dirac · DV · Indeo · Pixlet · RealVideo · RTVideo · SheerVideo · Smacker · Sorenson Video · Theora · VC-1 · VP6 · VP7 · VP8 · WMV · XVD
Audio compression
ISO/IEC
MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) · MPEG-1 Layer II · MPEG-1 Layer I · AAC · HE-AAC
ITU-T
G.711 · G.718 · G.719 · G.722 · G.722.1 · G.722.2 · G.723 · G.723.1 · G.726 · G.728 · G.729 · G.729.1
Others
AC3 · AMR · AMR-WB · AMR-WB+ · Apple Lossless · ATRAC · DRA · FLAC · GSM-FR · GSM-EFR · iLBC · Monkey's Audio · μ-law · Musepack · Nellymoser · OptimFROG · RealAudio · RTAudio · SHN · Siren · Speex · Vorbis · WavPack · WMA · TAK · True Audio
Image compression
ISO/IEC/ITU-T
JPEG · JPEG 2000 · JPEG XR · lossless JPEG · JBIG · JBIG2 · PNG · WBMP
Others
APNG · BMP · EXR · GIF · ICER · ILBM · MNG · PCX · PGF · TGA · TIFF · JPEG XR / HD Photo
Media containers
General
3GP · ASF · AVI · Bink · BXF · DMF · DPX · EVO · FLV · GXF · M2TS · Matroska · MPEG-PS · MPEG-TS · MP4 · MXF · Ogg · Ogg Media · QuickTime · RealMedia · RIFF · Smacker · VOB · VVF
Audio only
AIFF · AU · WAV
See Compression Methods for methods and Compression Software Implementations for codecs
[show]
v • d • eData compression software implementations
Video compression(Comparison)
MPEG-4 ASP
3ivx · DivX · Nero Digital · FFmpeg MPEG-4 · HDX4 · Xvid
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
CoreAVC · Blu-code · DivX H.264 · Nero Digital AVC · QuickTime H.264 · x264
Lossless
CorePNG · FFV1 · Huffyuv · Lagarith · MSU Lossless · SheerVideo
Others
CineForm · Cinepak · DNxHD · Helix DNA Producer · Indeo · libavcodec · Schrödinger (Dirac) · SBC · Sorenson · VP7 · libtheora · Windows Media Encoder
Audio compression(Comparison)
Lossy
Freeware Advanced Audio Coding (FAAC) · Helix DNA Producer · l3enc · LAME · TooLAME · libavcodec · Musepack · libvorbis · Windows Media Encoder
Lossless
FLAC · ALAC · Monkey's Audio · OptimFROG · TTA · WavPack
Archivers(Comparison)
Free software
7-Zip · Ark · bzip2 · compress · File Roller · gzip · Info-ZIP · KGB Archiver · lzop · PAQ · PeaZip · The Unarchiver · tar · Xarchiver
Freeware
7zX · DGCA · Filzip · IZArc · LHA · StuffIt Expander · TUGZip · UHarc/WinUHA · Zipeg · ZipGenius
Proprietary
ARC · ALZip · Archive Utility · ARJ · JAR · MacBinary · PKZIP/SecureZIP · PowerArchiver · Squeez · StuffIt · WinAce · WinRAR · WinZip
Command line
ARC · ARJ · JAR · Info-ZIP · LHA · lzop · PAQ · PKZIP · RAR · UPX · UHarc · tar
See Compression Methods for methods and Compression Formats and Standards for formats
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video"
Categories: Computer file formats Video codecs Microsoft Windows multimedia technology Digital rights management
Hidden categories: Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2009 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2009
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